교수학습전략으로서 연습시험과 분산연습의 통합적 활용방안

Investigation of Integrated Effects of Practice Testing & Distributed Practice

본 연구는 가장 효과적인 교수학습기법으로 확인된 연습시험과 분산연습의 효과를 밝힌 선행연구를 분석하고 활용방안을 제안한다. 일반적으로 널리 알려진 요약하기, 밑줄 긋기/강조하기, 기억술, 심상활용, 다시 읽기 기법들에 비해 상대적으로 우월한 학습효과를 보장하는 이 두 기법들은 다양한 학습자 특성과 학습과제 및 학습조건에서 뿐만 아니라 대부분의 시험유형에서도 일관되게 긍정적인 효과를 보장하는 것으로 증명되었다. 연습시험과 분산연습이 학습을 증진시키는 이유를 선행연구 분석을 통해 확인하고, 가장 이상적인 학습효과를 성취하기 위해 두 기법을 통합하여 활용할 수 있는 방안을 제안한다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the combining effects of practice testing and distributed practice on learning and suggest a way of applying them to prepare for the national scholastic achievement examination for college entrance. The paper begins with a discussion of easy-to-use learning techniques. The techniques include elaborative interrogation, self-explanation, summarization, highlighting (or underlining), keyword mnemonic, imagery use for text learning, rereading, practice testing, distributed practice, and interleaved practice. Among them, the paper delves into two techniques more thoroughly, practice testing and distributed practice. Emphasizing on both the direct effect and mediated effect of practice testing and the spacing effect and the lag effect of distributed practice, the paper made an attempt to propose an integrated approach of two techniques, practice testing and distributed practice. There are two different approaches that the paper suggests: first, deciding a learning period for each session of distributed practice given both a test delay and the number of repeated learning sessions, and second, deciding a test delay given both a learning period for each session of distributed practice and the number of repeated learning sessions. No information is available so far on what kind of activities during the test delay could produce the best achievement. If a test delay is long enough, it might be an important question for researchers to explore what types of activities students should engage in during this period.