고려시대 중앙관학의 묘학제도(廟學制度) 연구

Goryeo Dynasty's National School System; Myo Study

이 글은 고려시대의 묘학제도(廟學制度)를 정치이데올로기가 아닌 교육이상의 측면에서 이해하려는 시도이며, 동시에 현대 도덕교육에 시사점을 얻기 위함이다. 이를 위해 다음의 네 가지를 밝혔다. 첫째, 묘학제도가 우리나라에 언제 어떻게 성립되었는지를 밝혔다. 둘째, 묘학교육의 내용, 즉 석전상사(釋奠常祀)와 석전비상사(釋奠非常祀)의 내용을 정리하였다. 셋째, 고려중앙정부가 묘학제도를 통하여 이루려는 교육이상은 성성성현(成聖成賢)을 통한 도덕적 인간상임을 밝혔다. 넷째, 중국의 묘학제도와의 차이점을 밝혔다. 즉 고려의 제도는 당나라와 송나라의 제도를 수용한 것이지만, 우리나라 유학자들을 중국의 성현과 함께 문묘에 모셨다는 것은 성현의 개념이 꼭 중국의 인물에 만 극한 된 것은 아니라는 사실을 밝혔다.

A characteristic of Myo Study education is that it teaches students not only knowledge but also courtesy also courtesy; this paper analyzes the realities of the national school's civility education in Goryeo Dynasty In China, the education of studies began to change into that of Myo Study in West-Jin Dynasty when shrines of Confucius were founded for the first time. Myo Study prevailed in the Emperor Tae-jong of Dang Dynasty. After the model of Dang's school system, Goryeo also established Gukjagam(a national school) in Sung-jong 12th year(A.D.992), Which became the main education system for the entire period of Goryeo Rites and ceremonies are one of the most important contents in Myo Study system. While students live their everyday lives close to sacred shrines, they unconsciously want to follow the examples of saint's learning and virtues, which promotes them to a respectful person like saints. Though Goryeo's Myo Study system imitated Dang's and Song's in china, people in Goryeo rendered services to Shilla's Confucian scholars, such as Choi, Chi-won, Sul-chong, and Goryeo's Confucians at Confucian shrines. The fact that they worshipped our country's Confucians as well as Chinese saints indicates the concept of saints is not always limited in Chinese sages.