비전형 직업상담사의 직업유지 경험에 대한 근거이론 분석

A Grounded Theory Analysis on Job Retention Experiences of Atypical Vocational Counselors

비전형 직업상담사들의 직업유지에 대한 경험과 인식을 탐색하기 위하여 20명의 연구참여자를 대상으로 심층면담을 통해 근거이론을 활용하여 분석하였다. 개방코딩에서 483개 개념과 105개의 하위범주, 20개의 범주를 도출하였다. 중심현상은 ‘수용과 감수’, ‘직업상담서비스의 질 저하’, ‘스스로의 가치 입증 노력’으로 도출되었다. 인과적 조건은 ‘차별적 경험 인식’, ‘만성적인 고용불안’, ‘전문성 불인정’으로 나타났으며, 맥락적 조건은 ‘직업의 계급화’, ‘간접고용의 만연’, ‘공정하지 못한 관료행정’, ‘상향식 의사전달 통로 부재’, ‘성장기회의 차단’, ‘상담하기 힘든 환경’으로 드러났다. 중재적 조건은 ‘직업상담에 대한 기대감과 입직 계획’, ‘직업상담사로서의 정체성’, ‘상담의 어려움과 심리적 문제’, ‘극복자원’으로 나타났으며, 작용/상호작용은 ‘감정과 상담의 분리’, ‘향후 발전을 위한 개선 과제 추구’로 드러났다. 결과는 ‘버티며 나아감’, ‘직업상담사로 가는 길’이 도출되었다. 결론적으로 비전형으로 인해 열악한 고용 환경이지만, 관련 제도개선 등을 통하여 전문가로서의 직업상담가의 임파워먼트를 확보해 나갈 필요가 있다는 것을 확인하였다.

To explore atypical vocational counselors experiences and perceptions of job retention, in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 participants and the results were analyzed using grounded theory. Open coding yielded 483 concepts, 105 subcategories, and 20 categories. The central phenomena were “acceptance and tolerance,” “poor quality of career-counseling services,” and “striving to prove one’s worth.” Causal conditions were identified as “perceived discriminatory experiences,” “chronic job insecurity,” and “professionalism is not recognized.” Contextual conditions were identified as “stratification of the profession,” “prevalence of indirect employment,” “unfair bureaucracy,” “lack of bottom-up communication channels,” “blocked growth opportunities,” and “inaccessible environment.” The moderating conditions were “expectations and career plans for career counseling,” “identity as a vocational counselor,” “counseling difficulties and psychological problems,” and “overcoming resources” The acting/interacting conditions were “separation of emotions and counseling” and “pursuing improvement tasks for future development.” The outcomes were “holding on and moving forward” and “path to becoming a vocational counselor.” In conclusion, there is a need to secure the power of vocational counselors as professionals by improving the related system, even though the employment environment is poor due to unstructured employment.