Design Principles and Production of HMD-Applied Virtual Science Laboratory for High School Students

This study has shown the potential of Virtual Science Laboratories (VSL) to improve students' conceptual mastery, creative thinking, scientific problem-solving skills, and Information Communication Technology skills. VSL offers many advantages over traditional laboratory setups, such as reducing time constraints, improving the quality of experiments, and increasing efficiency of learning. However, VSLs also have limitations, such as the need for an internet connection and the lack of real-world experience. To address these limitations, this study aimed to develop and evaluate a Head-Mounted Display (HMD)-based VSL for teaching the neutralization reaction of acids and bases in chemistry to high school students. The study used the ADDIE model for the design and development process, with the VSL developed using Unity and Oculus Quest 2. The HMD-based VSL was structured around a six-stage learning process, including stimulation, problem statement, data collection, data processing, verification, and generalization. The study also examined the advantages and disadvantages of using HMD VR technology in education and learning, highlighting the potential for increased motivation, effective communication and evaluation, and better understanding of complex phenomena with visualization and repetition training. However, HMD-based VSL can also lead to physical reactions such as dizziness or 'cybersickness.' Therefore, careful consideration is needed when using HMD VR technology in education. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the design and development of VSL and the use of HMD VR technology in education. It highlights the need for well-established learning theories and rigorous educational design to support effective learning experiences and enhance students' scientific capabilities. The developed VSL for the neutralization reaction of acids and bases provides a safe and realistic experimental environment for high school students, expanding their learning experiences with specific manipulation experiences.