Adenotonsillar hypertrophy is the most common cause of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children, and therefore, ad-enotonsillectomy is the first-line therapy in most pediatric patients. In cases of residual OSA after adenotonsillectomy, and in cases where surgical intervention is not feasible, positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy is often employed. Those conditions in-clude obesity, craniofacial malformation, Down syndrome, and neuromuscular disorders. In this article, continuous positive air-way pressure (CPAP) preparation, titrations, barriers to effective CPAP therapy, monitoring, and adherence to CPAP in children will be described.
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