古代汉语动词划分研究 - 以《荀子》 动词为例 -

Study on the classification of ancient Chinese verbs ― For The Verb in “Xunzi” ―

“Xunzi” is a representative work reflecting the common standard written language of Chinese in the 3rd century BC.Taking “Xunzi” verbs as an example, this paper makes a tentative study on the classification of ancient Chinese verbs. First of all, in the theoretical approach, this paper does not directly adopt the previous syntactic function standard, but strives to conform to the actual research methods of ancient Chinese language.Therefore, on the one hand, it absorbs modern language theory emphasizing semantic description, and on the other hand, combines semantics and syntax to make it a comprehensive analysis system.In this paper, “Xunzi” verbs are divided into three categories: automatic verbs, alternative verbs and relational verbs.Autologous verbs are divided into action verbs, state changes 1, trend verbs; other verbs include action verbs, psychological verbs, state changes 2, and relative verbs are divided into appositive verbs and subordinate verb. Although the above kinds of verbs follow the traditional classification system, this paper gives new content to these nouns to illustrate the subclass verbs at all levels in semantic syntactic system.

荀子》是反映公元前3世纪汉语共同标准书面语的代表性著作。本文以《荀子》动词为例对古汉语动词划分问题进行了试探性的研究。 首先，在理论方法上，本文不直接采取以往的句法功能标准，而力求符合于古汉语语言实际的研究方法。为此，一方面吸收着重语义描写的现代语言理论，另一方面将语义和句法相结合，使之成为综合性分析体系。本文将《荀子》动词分为自动词、他动词和关系动词的3个大类。自动词再分为动作动词、状态变化1、趋向动词；他动词包括行为动词、心理动词、状态变化2；关系动词又分为同位动词、领属动词。 以上各类动词虽然沿用了传统分类体系上的名称，但本文对这些名词述语赋予了新的内容，用来说明语义句法体系中的各级下位类动词。