현대중국어 ‘A地V’와 ‘V得A’구문의 인지모형 비교 연구

A Comparative Study on the Cognitive Models of the Modern Chinese Phrases A地V and V得A

本文考察了"A地V"和"V得A"句子的特点及其认知模型。首先考察了形容词语义功能差异和句法特征，然后从"认知语法"的角度出发，根据"过程与结果"、"描述与评价"、"边界性强弱"、"时间顺序规则"解释了认知模型出现差异的原因。结果如下。 第一,在"A地V"和"V得A"语句中,形容词表示状态或与动作进行并行时,可以自由互换为副词和补语。但也存在无法互换的情况, 如果补语表示对特定动作行为的结果表示判断,就会受到句法的制约。 其次，"A地V"可以对动作过程进行描述，但不能起到评价的作用。相反,"V得A"语句则把焦点放在了对动作引起的事件的主观说明和评价上。可以看出,在强调、描述动作状态或叙述新信息时,主要使用副词句,如果将焦点放在对事件结果的评价或判断上,则使用辅词句。 第三，是"A地V"、"V得A"语句在边界性上也存在差异，前者由于边界化减弱，需要添加能够显示终止的'相'或其他成分才能成立，但后者边界化相对较强，不需要额外的量化概念。 第四，说话者选择句子时，如果关注事件的方式、行为者的态度，则采取"A地V"形式，相反，如果观察者对事件的结果状态或目标、行为的评价，则采取"V得A"形式。 以上, 发生"A地V"、"V得A"语句中的形容词可以互换的情况和不兼容的情况的原因就是受到过程和结果、描述和评价、警戒性强弱等认知方式的影響。

This study examined the characteristics of the phrases A地V and V得A and their cognitive models. The differences in syntactic attributes and semantic functions of adjectives in the phrases were explored, after which the reasons underlying the variations in grammatical meanings and functions were illuminated based on the differences in the cognitive models. More specifically, from the perspective of cognitive grammar, this research clarified how the mind understands processes versus results, how it describes and evaluates things, the strength with which it recognizes boundaries, and how it adheres to the principle of sequencing. The results showed that adjectives are compatible with adverbs and complements when adjectives represent a state in A地V and V得A or parallel the progress of an action. However, there are cases wherein compatibility is impossible, and syntactic restrictions are imposed when a complement expresses a judgment of a specific behavior. The comparison of syntactic characteristics indicated that A地V can describe the process of motion, but it cannot carry out evaluation. Conversely, V得A focuses on the subjective explanation and evaluation of an event caused by motion. In this case, the adverb phrase is used as the main expression when emphasizing or describing the state of motion or describing new content, whereas the complement phrase is the primary expression adopted when evaluating or judging the outcome of an event. Finally, the boundaries of A地V and V得A differ, and syntax is established only when trademarks and other components that suggest termination are incorporated given the weakened boundaries of A地V. The boundaries of V得A are relatively strong, thus eliminating the need for additional quantitative concepts. The compatibility or incompatibility between adjectives in A地V and V得A is influenced by cognitive aspects, such as processes and results, descriptions and evaluations, and boundary strength.