발달장애인의 일상생활능력에 대한 잠재프로파일 분석: 영향요인 탐색 및 취업 차이 검증

Classifying Latent Profiles in Daily Living Skills of Individuals with Developmental Disabilities: Exploring Influencing Factors and Verifying Differences in Employment

본 연구는 발달장애인의 일상생활능력을 유형화한 이후 유형별 특성을 파악하고 취업과의 연관성을 검증해보고자 한다. 이를 위해 장애인고용패널 2차 웨이브인 6차(2021년) 자료를 활용하여, 잠재프로파일분석을 통한 발달장애인의 일상생활능력을 유형화하고, 3단계 접근법(three-step approach)을 활용하여 유형별 특성을 탐색하였으며, 마지막으로 유형별 취업과의 연관성을 검증하였다. 분석 결과, 일상생활능력을 유형화한 결과 3가지 유형인 ‘저능력형 집단’, ‘상대적 중간능력형 집단’, ‘고능력형 집단’으로 도출되었다. 유형별 특성을 살펴보면 ‘저능력형 집단’을 준거집단으로 ‘상대적 중간능력형 집단’과 비교한 결과, 국민기초생활 수급자가 아닌 것에 비해 수급자인 경우, 건강상태가 좋지 않은 경우 ‘저능력형 집단’에 포함될 확률이 높게 나타났다. 다음으로 ‘고능력형 집단’과 비교한 결과, 배우자가 있는 것에 비해 없는 경우, 국민기초생활 수급자가 아닌 것에 비해 수급자인 경우, 건강상태가 좋지 않을수록, 직업교육훈련을 받는 것에 비해 받지 않을수록 ‘저능력형 집단’에 속할 확률이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 일상생활능력 유형별 취업의 차이를 검증한 결과 ‘고능력형 집단’인 경우 취업할 확률이 높게 나타났으며, 집단 간 차이는 통계적으로 유의미하게 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 발달장애인의 일상생활능력 향상을 위한 실천 및 정책적 함의에 대해 제언하고 후속연구의 방향성을 제시하였다.

This study aims to classify the daily living skills of Individuals with developmental disabilities, identify the characteristics of each type, and verify the correlation with employment. To this end, data from the 6th (2021) second wave of the Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled were used to categorize the daily living abilities of Individuals with developmental disabilities through latent profile analysis, and the characteristics of each type were identified using a 3-step approach. We explored, and finally, the correlation with employment by type was verified. As a result of the analysis, daily living skills were categorized into three types: ‘low ability group’, ‘relative moderate ability group’, and ‘high ability group’. Examining the characteristics of each type, the 'low-ability group' was compared to the 'relatively moderate ability group' as the reference. The results indicated that, compared to non-recipients of National Basic Living Security, recipients who were in poor health or facing financial hardship were more likely to be classified within the 'low-ability group'. Next, as a result of comparison with the 'high ability group', the more likely it is that those who have a spouse compared to those who do not have a spouse, those who are beneficiaries compared to those who are not recipients of the National Basic Living Security, those with poorer health, and those who do not receive vocational education and training compared to those who receive it, are It was found that there was a high probability of belonging to the ‘low ability group’. Lastly, as a result of verifying the difference in employment by type of daily living ability, the probability of employment was high in the ‘high ability group’, and the difference between groups was statistically significant. Based on the results of this study, we proposed practical and policy implications for improving the daily living skills of Individuals with developmental disabilities and suggested directions for follow-up research.