Perceptions and Possibilities: Exploring 5-year-old children’s Understanding of Artificial Intelligence

This study investigates how 5-year-old children perceive and understand Artificial Intelligence (AI). The participants of the study were 45 children from a private kindergarten in South Korea. The research employs drawings and small group interviews to explore the children's conceptualizations of AI. Research results were as follows. First, 73.3% of children associated AI with positive feelings. Although they generally viewed AI as a convenience in their lives, they also expressed concerns related to health and costs. Secondly, they indicated household items, smart devices, robot and machinery, personal computer and other things as images of AI. The most frequently indicated images of AI included items that they had used themselves or seen people using in daily lives. Children primarily view AI as a tool for adult convenience and entertainment, with their perceptions shaped by their developmental stage and daily interactions with technology. These findings underscore the need for a more comprehensive and approach to AI education in early childhood, one that addresses ethical considerations and is tailored to children's developmental needs. This study aims to contribute to the ongoing dialogue and development of strategies for effectively introducing AI to young learners in a way that supports their growth and development.