성장혼합모형을 활용한 남녀 청소년 진로성숙도 변화 및 예측요인 검증

Verification of Career Maturity Changes and Predictive Factors in Male and Female Adolescents Using Growth Mixture Modeling

청소년기의 진로성숙도는 성별 및 개인에 따라 다르게 변화할 수 있다. 본 연구는 중･고등학교 기간 동안 진로성숙도의 변화를 성별로 구분하여 각각 잠재계층을 도출하고, 잠재계층 분류를 예측하는 요인을 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 한국교육종단조사 2013 3∼8차년도 데이터(중1∼고3)를 사용하여 성장혼합모형을 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 남학생은 3개의 잠재계층(중-유지, 저-상승, 고-하락), 여학생은 4개의 잠재계층(중-지속-유지, 중상-지속-하락, 중-하락-상승, 고-하락-유지)으로 분류되었다. 예측 요인으로는 자아개념, 부모와의 상호작용, 교사와의 관계가 남녀 공통으로 중요하게 나타났으며, 독서 향유 정도는 남학생에게만, 학교 동아리 활동 수와 부모가 인식한 진로활동의 도움 정도는 여학생에게만 유의한 변수로 나타났다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로 부모와 교사의 지원, 진로 프로그램의 질적 개선 등 진로성숙도 발달을 위한 시사점을 제시하였다.

Career maturity during adolescence can vary by gender and individual factors. This study aimed to identify latent classes of career maturity trajectories during middle and high school periods by gender and to examine the predictors of these latent class classifications. The Growth Mixture Modeling was used to analyze data from the Korea Education Longitudinal Study 2013 (3rd to 8th wave), covering students from 1st year of middle school to 3rd year of high school. The results showed that male students were classified into three latent classes (moderate-stable, low-increasing, high-decreasing), while female students were classified into four latent classes (moderate-stable, moderately high-decreasing, moderate-decreasing-increasing, high-decreasing-stable). Predictors that were found to be important for both genders included self-concept, interactions with parents, and relationships with teachers. The degree of reading enjoyment was a significant predictor only for male students, while the number of school club activities and the perceived helpfulness of career activities by parents were significant only for female students. Based on these findings, the study suggests implications for the development of career maturity, such as the importance of support from parents and teachers and the need for qualitative improvement in career programs.