어머니의 공동체의식, 행복감, 회복탄력성과 유아의 자아탄력성 및 배려행동 간의 구조적 관계분석

The Structural Analysis of Relationships Between a Mother's Sense of Community, Happiness, Resilience and Ego-resiliency, and Caring Behavior of Preschool Children

이 연구는 유아의 자아탄력성과 배려행동에 영향을 미치는 어머니의 공동체의식, 행복감, 회복탄력성을 설정하여 이들 간의 구조적 관계를 규명하는 데 주요 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 만 4, 5세 유아의 어머니들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 수집된 자료는 SPSS 23.0과 AMOS 23.0 프로그램을 이용하여 빈도분석, 기술통계분석, 상관분석, 구조방정식 모형분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과에 따르면, 외생변인으로 설정된 어머니의 공동체의식은 최종 내생변인인 유아의 배려행동에 직접적 영향을 미치지 않고 1차 매개경로, 2차 매개경로, 3차 매개경로를 통해 유아의 배려행동에 간접적으로 유의한 영향을 미치고 있었다. 어머니의 공동체의식은 행복감을 완전 매개하지 않으며, 회복탄력성에 직접적 영향을 미치면서 행복감을 부분 매개하여 회복탄력성에 간접적 영향을 미치고 있었다. 어머니의 회복탄력성은 유아의 자아탄력성을 완전 매개하지 않으며, 유아의 배려행동에 직접적 영향을 미치면서 유아의 자아탄력성을 부분 매개하여 유아의 배려행동에 간접적 영향을 미치고 있었다.

The purpose of this study was to determine the structural relationship between mother’s sense of community, happiness, resilience and ego-resiliency, and caring behavior of preschool children. The subjects of this study were 368 mothers of young children (age four and five) who attended preschools in city D. The 368 mothers completed questionnaires assessing the sense of community, happiness, resilience and their children’s ego-resiliency, and caring behavior. The structural relationships and the mediated effects were analyzed with the structural equation model, and the mediated effects were verified with the bootstrapping method. For data analysis, SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0 programs were used to examine the general quality of subjects, reliability of the major study tools, normality of the collected data, and the structural equation model. The results of this study were as follows: First, a mother’s sense of community has direct and indirect effects on resilience. A mother’s sense of community has a role as a mediator variable between sense of community and resilience. Second, a mother’s resilience has direct and indirect effects on children’s caring behavior. Children’s ego-resiliency has a role as a mediator variable between mother’s resilience and children’s caring behavior. Third, a mother’s sense of community does not have direct effects on children’s caring behavior, while a mother’s happiness, resilience and children’s ego-resiliency have tertiary mediated effects on sense of community and children’s caring behavior.