Effects of Combined Cognitive and Physical Exercise Program on Cognitive and Physical Functions in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of a 12-week combined cognitive and physical exercise program on cognitive and physical function in older adults diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Design: One-group pretest-posttest study. Methods: Twelve patients with MCI participated in a weekly 60-minute session of combined cognitive and physical exercise program. We assessed cognitive and physical function using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), whereas physical function was evaluated using measures of muscle strength, postural balance, and walking capabilities. Muscle strength assessments included arm curl, handgrip strength, and five sit-to-stand tests. Postural balance was evaluated using the one-leg stance, timed up-and-go, functional reach, and four-square step tests. Walking function was analyzed using a gait analysis device. The pre- and post-intervention measurements were compared to determine the effects of the exercise program. Results: Significant improvements in MoCA, arm curl test, timed up-and-go test, walking speed, and cadence were observed after the 12-week intervention period (p 0.05). MoCA scores revealed enhanced cognitive performance, whereas measures of muscle ＜ strength, including the arm curl test, exhibited significant changes. Improvements in the timed up-and-go test scores indicated enhanced mobility accompanied by increased walking speed and cadence, as evidenced by gait analysis. Conclusions: A structured 12-week program incorporating both cognitive and physical exercises can lead to meaningful improvements in cognitive and physical function among older adults with MCI.