Perpetual bonds, also known as “perpetual capital bonds”, are a low-cost financing method that plays a very important role in the financing of companies and banks. In recent years, perpetual bonds issued by the State Commercial Bank of China have been repaid in the form of “redemption of the old and replacement of the new”, and by the end of 2024, the perpetual bonds have reached the peak of domestic repayment. Since perpetual bonds do not have a repayment period or a long repayment period, the issuer grants the right to redeem the bonds at the time of bond issuance by “authorisation”. In this process, the protection of the rights and interests of perpetual bond holders has become an important factor in determining the quality of perpetual bonds of commercial banks. However, in the process of protecting the rights and interests of perpetual bond holders under the current Chinese Company Law , there are various problems in the protection of the rights and interests of bondholders, such as high risk for bondholders, difficulty in selling, lack of purchase standards, and low credit rating standards for perpetual bonds. Based on these issues, this paper analyzes the legal issues related to the protection of the rights and interests of perpetual bond holders under the Chinese Company Law . First, we examine the three concepts and linkages of corporate law, perpetual bonds, and the protection of the rights and interests of holders, and propose ways to clarify their internal connections. In addition, through the study of the current situation of the protection of the rights and interests of perpetual bond holders, this paper analyzes the establishment and application of the relevant system of perpetual creditor’s rights, as well as (1) the protection of the rights and interests of perpetual bond holders under the Company Law , mainly to improve the transparency and fairness of corporate development, (2) to standardize the interest payment and repayment sequence, (3) to strengthen the requirements for corporate information disclosure, (4) to provide legal remedies for corporate bondholders, and (5) to improve the safety of corporate bondholders, and to provide opinions on the possibility of continuous use of perpetual bonds. We believe that this improvement in the protection of the rights and interests of corporate bondholders will not only help lay the foundation for the long-term development of the company, but also play an important role in subsequent research in this area.
영구채는 ‘무기한 자본채권’이라고도 불리며, 비용이 저렴한 자금조달 방식으로 회사의 자금조달에서 매우 중요한 역할을 한다. 최근 몇 년 동안 중국의 국가상업은행이 발행한 영구채를 ‘赎旧发新’ 방식으로 상환하고 있으며, 2024년 말까지 영구채는 국내 상환의 정점에 도달했다. 영구채는 상환기간이 없거나 상환기간이 길기 때문에 발행자는 발행 시 채권에 대해 ‘권한부여’의 방식으로 해당 채권의 상환권을 부여한다. 이러한 과정에서 영구채 보유자의 권리보호는 상업은행이 영구채를 운영함에 있어 그 품질을 결정하는 중요한 요소가 된다. 하지만, 현행 중국의 회사법(公司法) 상 영구채 보유자의 권리를 보장하는 과정에서 채권 보유자의 위험, 매매의 어려움, 매입기준의 미비, 낮은 영구채 신용평가기준 등의 문제가 존재하여 영구채 보유자의 권리보호에 있어 다양한 문제가 있다. 이러한 문제에 기초하여 본 연구에서는 중국의 회사법 상 영구채 보유자의 권익보호와 관련한 법적 문제를 분석한다. 먼저, 회사법, 영구채, 보유자 권익보호의 세 가지 개념 및 연관성을 검토하고, 이들의 내적 연관성을 명확히 할 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다. 또한, 영구채 보유자 권리보호 현황에 대한 연구를 통해 영구채 관련 제도 구축 및 그 적용 상황을 분석하였다. 그리고 중국 회사법 상영구채 보유자 권익보호를 위해, (1) 회사의 투명성과 공정성 제고, (2) 이자 지급 및 상환 순위의 규범화, (3) 회사 정보공개 요구 강화, (4) 회사채 보유자의 법률구제 방안, (5) 회사채 보유의 안전성 제고를 통한 영구채의 지속적 활용가능성 등에 대한 견해를 제시하였다. 이러한 회사채 보유자의 권리보호 개선에 관한 논의는 이후 회사채 운영에 도움이 될 뿐만 아니라, 이와 관련한 후속연구에도 중요한 역할을 할 것이라 본다.
Ⅰ. The Underlying Logic of the Company Law Intervenes in the Protection of the Rights and Interests of Perpetual Bond Holders
1. Analysis of the attributes of perpetual bonds and their legal definitions
2. The relationship between the Company Law, perpetual bonds, and the protection of the rights and interests of holders
3. Analysis of the necessity, feasibility and legitimacy of the Company Law’s intervention in perpetual bonds
Ⅱ. The Practical Dilemma of Protecting the Rights and Interests of Perpetual Bond Holders
1. The application status of the protection of the rights and interests of perpetual bond holders in China’s development
2. The impact of the Company Law on the protection of the rights and interests of perpetual bond holders
3. Problems in the protection of the rights and interests of perpetual bond holders in the context of the Company Law
Ⅲ. Company Law Practice for the Protection of the Rights and Interests of Perpetual Bond Holders
1. Clarify the terms of the contract to reduce the risk of bondholders
2. Optimize the exit mechanism for perpetual bond holders
3. Optimize autonomy and improve the rationality of access standards
4. Promote external supervision and improve the reasonableness of credit standards for perpetual bonds
Ⅳ. Conclusion
References
(0)
(0)