Go and the Brain: Cognitive and Neural Impacts of Training

Objective This review synthesizes evidence on the cognitive and neural impacts of the strategic board game Go, emphasizing its role in enhancing cognitive functions and inducing neuroplastic changes. Methods We analyzed studies investigating the effects of Go on diverse populations, including novices, professional players, and older adults. Research included neuropsychological assessments, neuroimaging findings (fMRI, PET), and behavioral outcomes from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Results Go training enhances executive functions, memory, and visuospatial reasoning, as demonstrated by studies on novices and clinical populations. Professional Go players show domain-specific neural adaptations, including increased precuneus and cerebellar activation during decision-making tasks. In clinical settings, Go interventions improve mood, reduce anxiety, and increase neurotrophic factors like brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Conclusion Go training demonstrates significant potential as a cognitive intervention to promote brain health, emotional well-being, and resilience against cognitive decline. Further longitudinal studies are required to validate its long-term effects.