이 글은 절성(節性)ㆍ인성(忍性)ㆍ복성(復性)은 도덕관념 관계이며, 시대를 이어서 논의된 이유는 극심연기(極深硏幾) 공부로부터 숭덕광업(崇德廣業)을 실현해 내기 위해 제시된 것이었다는 논자의 주장에 대해 구명한 것이다. 절성(節性)ㆍ인성(忍性)ㆍ복성(復性)은 도덕관념이 계승되어 논의되었다. ‘절성’은 정복자인 주나라가 피정복자인 은나라 신하를 교화하기 위해 논의되었고, ‘인성’은 맹자가 인(仁)을 실천하기 위해 제기한 것이었으며, ‘복성’은 인간이 ‘하늘에서 받은 성[天命之謂性]’과 ‘생생불식(生生不息)’이 ‘하늘의 도’가 된다는 유교의 관점에 근거한 것이다. 즉 절성(節性), 인성(忍性), 복성(復性)은 인간의 본성에 내재 된 ‘인(仁)’을 실천한다는 도덕관념이 연계된 것이었다고 할 수 있다. 또한 유가의 본성에 대한 문제는『맹자』뿐만 아니라『중용』그리고『주역』과 연관성을 가지고 있다.『서경』의 ‘절성’, 『맹자』의 ‘인성’,『주역』의 ‘생생불식’과 『중용』의 ‘천명지위성’과 맹자의 ‘내성공부’에 담겨있는 ‘복성’이 도덕관념으로 이어온 이유는『주역』에 나오는 ‘숭덕광업(崇德廣業)’을 실현해 내기 위한 것이었다. 맹자의 인성과 내성공부 주장은 곧 절성과 인성과 복성의 최종목표는 자각과 실현을 구하는 공부였으며, 실천을 촉구한 것이라고 할 수 있다. ‘극심연기(極深硏幾)’는 성인의 덕을 높이기 위한 실천에 집중된 공부였고, ‘미현천유(微顯闡幽)’는 성인의 의(義)를 뜻하므로, ‘극심연기’부터 ‘숭덕광업’까지 모두 성인의 ‘내성공부’였다. 내성공부는 곧 ‘절성ㆍ인성ㆍ복성’의 도덕관념을 바탕으로 한다. 즉 도덕적 관념이 ‘절성ㆍ인성ㆍ복성’으로 계승된 문화는 ‘자각과 실천’을 통해 ‘숭덕광업’을 실현하기 위한 것이었다고 할 수 있다.
The purpose of this paper is to prove the claim that the three concepts of ‘Temperance’, ‘Patience’, and ‘restoring one’ have a relationship as moral concepts. This clarifies the author's claim that the study of 'furthering the depth' was presented to increase virtue and achieve work. ‘Temperance’ was a discussion between the conquering Zhou Dynasty and the conquered Yin Dynasty to educate their subjects. ‘Patience’ was what Mencius suggested to practice benevolence. ‘Restoration of nature’ is rooted in the Confucian view that humans have a ‘natural nature received from heaven’ and that ‘the virtue of ceaselessly giving birth’ becomes the ‘way of heaven.’ ‘Temperance’, ‘Patience’, and ‘restoring one’ are linked to the moral concept of practicing ‘Benevolence’ in humans. The question of the nature of Confucianism is related not only to the Mencius, but also to the Doctrine of the Mean and the Book of Changes. The reason why ‘Temperance’ in ��Book of Documents��, ‘Patience’ in ��Mencius��, ‘natural nature received from heaven’ in ��Book of Changes��, ‘Heaven’s mandate is given to us’ in ��Doctrine of the Mean��, and ‘restoring one’ contained in Mencius’ ‘A saint on the inside, a king on the outside.’ have been passed down as moral concepts is to realize ‘honoring virtue and expanding business’ in ��Book of Changes��. From ‘Extreme Acting’ to ‘Sungdeok Mining’, they were all ‘inner study’ of adults. Inner study is based on the moral concepts of ‘Self-discipline, Humanity, and Revenge.’ It can be said that the culture in which moral concepts were inherited as ‘Self-discipline, Humanity, and Revenge’ was for the purpose of realizing ‘Sungdeok Mining’ through ‘awareness and practice.’ From ‘furthering the depth’ to ‘achieve great achievements for the country’, it is all about ‘cultivating the inner self’ of a gentleman. ‘Cultivating the inner self’ is based on the moral concepts of ‘moderation, patience, and restoring one’s nature.’ Moral concepts are a culture that has inherited ‘Temperance’, ‘Patience’, and ‘restoring one’ It can be said that the purpose was to ‘accumulate virtue and accomplish great things for the country’ through ‘awareness and practice’ and to realize it.
1. 서론
2. 절성ㆍ인성ㆍ복성의 도덕관념 계승 관계
3. 절성ㆍ인성ㆍ복성의 이상적 목표: 숭덕광업(崇德廣業)실현
4. 결론
참고문헌
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