浅析中韩乡村振兴战略政策与实践的比较研究

A Comparative Study on Rural Revitalization Policies and Practices in China and South Korea

本文在系统梳理中韩两国成立以来两国农村建设发展脉络基础上，构建“政策—路径—案例”的比较框架，从战略政策定位、产业融合转型、返乡创业模式三方面展开对照。研究发现，中国乡村振兴以自上而下的顶层设计与资源统筹形成“制度效率驱动”，数字基础设施与平台赋能促进农村一二三产业融合。韩国农村振兴以《农村振兴法》与农村振兴厅为轴，突出“社会参与驱动”，在“六次产业”与智慧农场领域形成精细化设施改造路径。两国共同面临农村人口老龄化与空心化、治理模式化与同质化等结构性挑战。本文据此提出构建多样化就业形态、优化人口土地及治理等多方面制度机制、参与式治理与事后绩效激励等政策建议，以期为两国乡村可持续发展提供理论参考。

Based on a systematic review of the development trajectories of rural construction in China and South Korea since their respective founding, this paper constructs a "policy-path-case" comparative framework to analyze the two countries' approaches from three perspectives: strategic policy orientation, industrial integration and transformation, and return-home entrepreneurship models. The study finds that China's rural revitalization follows a "top-down institutional efficiency-driven" model, characterized by centralized planning and resource coordination, with digital infrastructure and platform empowerment facilitating the integration of primary, secondary, and tertiary industries in rural areas. In contrast, South Korea’s rural revitalization, centered on the "Rural Development Act" and the Rural Development Administration, emphasizes a "social participation-driven" approach, leading to refined facility modernization in the "sixth industry" and smart farming sectors. Both countries face common structural challenges, including aging and depopulation in rural areas, as well as standardized and homogenized governance models. Accordingly, this paper proposes policy recommendations such as creating diverse employment opportunities, optimizing institutional mechanisms related to population, land, and governance, and promoting participatory governance and ex-post performance incentives, aiming to provide theoretical insights for sustainable rural development in both countries.