Classification and Characteristics of Children’s Museums in Korea

Purpose : This study aims to propose a classification system for children’s museums in Korea and identify their core characteristics. It seeks to broaden the concept of children’s museums beyond traditional definitions such as “hands-on,” “interactive,” and “play-based” approaches, emphasizing the need for a more inclusive framework. Method : An empirical cross-case analysis of 124 institutions in Korea was conducted. Children’s museums were categorized by operating entity (national, public, private, and university), institutional affiliation (independent, affiliated, and designated exhibition room), disciplinary focus (comprehensive, history, science, art, convergent, and specialized), and age policy (age-specific zones, children-required for entry, and all-inclusive access). This analytical framework enabled a systematic understanding of the diversity and organizational structure of children’s museums in Korea. Results : The findings highlight five characteristics of children’s museums in Korea: (1) their role as vital community educational resources; (2) increased recognition of independent institutions; (3) institutionalization of designated exhibition rooms while facing sustainability challenges; (4) diversification of disciplinary foci and exhibition strategies; and (5) a growing trend toward age-specific spatial design. Conclusion : The study identifies evolving practices in children’s museums in Korea, including portable outreach exhibits, varied disciplinary foci, hands-off object displays, participatory formats, aesthetically designed educational spaces for children, diverse uses of digital media, orientation zones for novice adult visitors, and age-specific sub-zones. As these institutions continue to evolve, future research should explore spatial strategies, apply developmental theories, and develop evaluation tools to enhance their educational value and inclusivity.