Objectives: Previous studies have shown that combined interventions involving cognitive training and physical activity are effective in enhancing brain function. This study examined the effects of a dual-task intervention—simultaneously combining cognitive and physical tasks—on the cognitive and physical function of community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and older. Methods: From July to December 2023, cognitively normal adults aged 65 years or older were recruited through the Jeollabuk-do Regional Dementia Center. Participants completed an eight-session group-based program (60 minutes per session) that combined cognitive training and physical activity. The cognitive functions were evaluated using a neuropsychological test battery, and the physical functions were assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), before and after the intervention. Results: Of 79 participants, 73 completed the intervention. After the program, significant improve\-ments in orientation, memory, visuoconstruction, naming, total cognitive scores, and performance were observed on the Trail Making Test-Part A and Trail Making Test-Part B (p<0.05 to p<0.001). Physical performance also significantly improved the balance, gait speed, chair-stand ability, and total SPPB scores (p<0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that lower educational attain\-ment and cohabitation with children were associated with greater cognitive improvements, while antihypertensive medication use was negatively associated, and diabetes medication use was posi\-tively associated with cognitive outcomes. Conclusion: Simultaneous dual-task–based combined intervention may be an effective strategy for enhancing the cognitive and physical functions in cognitively preserved older adults. Neverthe\-less, further studies will be needed to explore its long-term effects and underlying neurobiological mechanisms.
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