전문대학 성인학습자의 그릿, 사회적지지, 구직효능감에 따른 취업·창업 준비행동 예측

Predicting Job and Entrepreneurship Preparation Behaviors Based on Grit, Social Support, and Job Search Self-Efficacy among Adult Learners in Community Colleges

본 연구는 전문대학 학위과정에 참여하는 성인학습자의 그릿, 사회적지지, 구직효능감에 따른 취업･창업 준비행동을 예측하고자 하였다. 인천 소재 J 전문대학의 성인학습자 191명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 수집된 자료는 SPSS를 활용해 상관분석과 중다회귀분석, 매개효과 검증 절차를 통해 분석하였다. 분석 결과 첫째, 사회적지지와 구직효능감은 취업･창업 준비행동에 유의한 영향을 미쳤으나, 그릿은 직접적인 효과를 보이지 않았다. 둘째, 구직효능감은 그릿과 취업･창업 준비행동 간 관계를 완전 매개하였으며, 셋째, 사회적지지와 취업･창업 준비행동 간 관계에서는 부분 매개효과가 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 성인학습자의 취업･창업 준비행동을 촉진하기 위해서는 개인의 심리적 특성(그릿)뿐 아니라 사회적 지지망과 구직효능감 제고를 위한 제도적 지원이 병행되어야 함을 시사한다. 전문대학은 멘토링, 동료학습공동체, 진로코칭 등 사회적 지지 프로그램과 함께 구직효능감을 높이는 실습형 취･창업 지원교육을 강화할 필요가 있다. 또한 디지털 리터러시를 배양할 수 있도록 지원하고 온라인 구인･구직 시뮬레이션 등 체계적인 디지털 역량 강화 지원이 필요하다. 본 연구는 성인친화적 평생직업교육체제 구축을 위한 기초자료를 제공한다는 점에서 의의가 있으나, 특정 대학 사례에 국한된 표본과 횡단적 설계로 인해 일반화와 인과관계 규명에 한계가 있다. 향후 연구에서는 표본을 확대하고 종단연구, 질적 연구 병행을 제안한다.

This study aimed to examine the predictive relationships among grit, social support, and job search self-efficacy in relation to job and entrepreneurship preparation behavior among adult learners enrolled in degree programs at junior colleges. A survey was administered to 191 adult learners attending a junior college located in Incheon, Korea. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS through correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and mediation effect testing procedures. The results revealed that, first, social support and job search self-efficacy had significant effects on job and entrepreneurship preparation behavior, whereas grit did not show a direct effect. Second, job search self-efficacy fully mediated the relationship between grit and job and entrepreneurship preparation behavior. Third, a partial mediation effect of job search self-efficacy was identified in the relationship between social support and job and entrepreneurship preparation behavior. These findings suggest that promoting job and entrepreneurship preparation behavior among adult learners requires not only individual psychological characteristics such as grit but also institutional support that strengthens social support networks and enhances job search self-efficacy. Junior colleges, in particular, should reinforce practice-oriented employment and entrepreneurship support programs that enhance job search self-efficacy, alongside social support initiatives such as mentoring, peer learning communities, and career coaching. In addition, support for developing digital literacy and systematic digital competency training, including online job search simulations, is necessary. While this study contributes foundational evidence for building an adult learner-friendly lifelong vocational education system, it is limited by its reliance on a single-institution sample and a cross-sectional research design, which restrict the generalizability of the findings and the ability to establish causal relationships. Future research should expand the sample size and employ longitudinal and mixed-methods approaches.